References

1

For an overview of EHW literature, see A.J. Hirst: Notes on the evolution of adaptive hardware. To appear in: Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control (ACEDC96), University of Plymouth UK, 26-28th March 1996. http://kmi.open.ac.uk/~monty/evoladaphwpaper.html

2

Trevor A. York. Survey of field programmable logic devices. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 17(7):371-381, 1993.

3

David E. Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley, Reading MA, 1989.

4

Inman Harvey. Species adaptation genetic algorithms: The basis for a continuing SAGA. In F. J. Varela and P. Bourgine, editors, Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems: Proc. of 1st Eur. Conf. on Artificial Life, pp346-354. MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge, MA, 1992.

5

Stuart Kauffman. Adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes. In Daniel L. Stein, editor, Lectures in the Sciences of Complexity, pp527-618. Addison Wesley: Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, 1989.

6

M. Eigen, J. McCaskill, and P. Schuster. Molecular quasi-species. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 92:6881-6891, 1988.

7

M. Eigen and P. Schuster. The Hypercycle: A Principle of Natural Self-Organization. Springer-Verlag, 1979.

8

M. Nowak and P. Schuster. Error thresholds of replication in finite populations, mutation frequencies and the onset of Muller's ratchet. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 137:375-395, 1989.

9

Inman Harvey. The SAGA cross: the mechanics of crossover for variable-length genetic algorithms. In R. Männer and B. Manderick, editors, Parallel Problem Solving from Nature 2, pp269-278. North-Holland, 1992.

10

G.E. Hinton and S.J. Nowlan. How learning can guide evolution. Complex Systems, 1:495-502, 1987.

11

I. Harvey, P. Husbands, and D. T. Cliff. Seeing the light: Artificial evolution, real vision. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, and S. Wilson, editors, From Animals to Animats 3: Proc. of 3rd Int. Conf. on Simulation of Adaptive Behaviour (SAB94), pp392-401. MIT Press/Bradford Books, Cambridge MA, 1994.

12

N. Jakobi, P. Husbands, and I. Harvey. Noise and the reality gap: The use of simulation in evolutionary robotics. In F. Morán et al., editors, Advances in Artificial Life: Proc. of 3rd Eur. Conf. on Artificial Life (ECAL95)., pp704-720. LNAI 929, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

13

Hugo de Garis. Evolvable hardware: Genetic programming of a Darwin Machine. In C.R. Reeves et al., editors, Artificial Neural Nets and Genetic Algorithms - Proc. of the Int. Conf. in Innsbruck, Austria, pp441-449. Springer-Verlag, 1993.

14

Adrian Thompson. Evolving fault tolerant systems. In Proc. of 1st IEE/IEEE Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms in Engineering Systems (GALESIA95), IEE Conference Publication No. 414, pp524-529, 1995.

15

M. Eigen. New concepts for dealing with the evolution of nucleic acids. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, volume LII, 1987.

16

Stuart A. Kauffman. The Origins of Order. Oxford University Press, 1993.

17

R. Brooks. Intelligence without representation. Artificial Intelligence, (47):139-159, 1991.

18

Günter P. Wagner. Adaptation and the modular design of organisms. In F Morán et al., editors, Advances in Artificial Life: Proc. of 3rd Eur. Conf. on Artificial Life (ECAL95), pp317-328. LNAI 929, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

19

A. F. Murray et al. Pulsed silicon neural networks - following the biological leader. In Ramacher and Rückert, editors, VLSI Design of Neural Networks, pp103-123. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

20

Alan F. Murray. Analogue neural VLSI: Issues, trends and pulses. Artificial Neural Networks, (2):35-43, 1992.

21

Carver A. Mead. Analog VLSI and Neural Systems. Addison Wesley, 1989.

22

P. Kinget, M. Steyaert, and J. van der Spiegel. Full analog CMOS integration of very large time constants for synaptic transfer in neural networks. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2(4):281-295, 1992.

23

Dave Cliff, Inman Harvey, and Phil Husbands. Explorations in evolutionary robotics. Adaptive Behaviour, 2(1):73-110, 1993.

24

Alexander Miczo. Digital Logic Testing and Simulation. Wiley New York, 1987.

25

IMP, Inc. IMP50E10 EPAC Electronically Programmable Analog Circuit: Preliminary product information sheet, November 1994.

26

Adrian Thompson. Evolving electronic robot controllers that exploit hardware resources. In F. Morán et al., eds., Advances in Artificial Life: Proc. of 3rd Eur. Conf. on Artificial Life (ECAL95), pp640-656. LNAI 929, Springer-Verlag, 1995.

27

D.J. Comer. Digital Logic & State Machine Design. Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1984.

28

I. Harvey, P. Husbands, and D. Cliff. Genetic convergence in a species of evolved robot control architectures. In S. Forrest, editor, Proc. of 5th Int. Conf. on Genetic Algorithms, p636. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.

29

V. Braitenberg. Vehicles : Experiments in Synthetic Psychology. MIT Press, 1984.

30

D.P.M. Northmore and J.G. Elias. Evolving synaptic connections for a silicon neuromorph. In Proc of 1st IEEE Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, volume 2, pp753-758. IEEE, New York, 1994.